New Cambridge History of Islam (Vol 4) - first part

Last weekend I was reading this in the library, some notes:

Key areas of Islamic learning

- Hadith: al-Bukhari (d.870), Muslim ibn Hajjaj (d.875)

- tafsir

- fiqh: 4 schools, Hanbali most tradition; Shia's Jafari (by the 6th Imam)

- kalam: al-Ashari (d.935), key Ahsaris al-Juwayni (d. 1085), al-Ghazali (d.1111), Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 1209)

- Sufi/mysticisam: al-Hasan al-Basri (d.728) and followers (archetypal sufis), al-Bistami (d.874), Junayd (d.910; of the "sober" trend; considered founding saint in almost all later Sufi order genealogies), al-Hallaj (d.922, dramatic martyr), Ibn al-Arabi (d.1240), who influences also Jalal al-din Rumi (d.1273). Other Persian poets include Attar (d.1190), Jami (d.1492) instructed by Naqshband's (d.1389) successor, Jami also compiler of a giant biographical history of Sufism Nafahat al-uns

Sufi Tariqas:

- Chistiyya: thrived wtih Nizam al-Din Awiliya (d.1325), book Fawaid al-fuad;

- Suhrawadiyya: Shihab al-Din al-Suhrawardi, book Awarif al-maarif

- Nqshbandiyya: Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi (d.1624) - mujaddidiyya - for 2 centuries most popular order in the entire Islamic world, doctrine: wahdat-al-shuhud; book: Maktubat-i imam rabbani

- Indonesia: 16th start in Aceh; Hamza Fansuri (2H-16th c.), Naqshbandiyya, writter of mystical poems, disciple Shams al-Din al-Samatra (d.1630); Nur al-Din al-Raniri (d.1658) - follower of Ahmad Sirhindi, then Arabian teachers; book: Umdat al-muhtajin; court circle sufism; start to get common followers in the 18th c. (Islam's spread in SE Asia from end of 13th to 17th c. pretty much an unknown process)

> % of Muslim names for Sials in Punjab: 10% (early 15th c.), 56% (mid-17th c.), 100% (early 19th c.)

> Madrassas - primarily to teach fiqh

> Maimonides

> Key figures to integrate sufism to ulama: Ghazali, Ibn Ata Allah a-Iskandari (d.1309) 

> 18th century reformers: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhabi (d. 1791, Arabia) who was inspired partially by Ibn Taymiyya (d.1328), Shah Wali Allah of Dehli (d.1762)

to be continued