New Cambridge History of Islam (Vol 4) - third (final) part

18th century reformers

- Muhhamd ibn Abd al-Wahhab (Arabia)

- Usman dan Fodio (1754-1817) West Africa: jihad, Sokoto caliphate

- Muhammad ibn Ismalil al-Amir al-Sanani (Yemen)

- Shah Wali Allah (India)

- Muhammad ibn Ali-Shamkani (Yemen)

- Neo-Sufism (?)

> 18th c. - regionalism - openness / confidence

 

19th c. reformers

- Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838-97), Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905); Muhammad Rashid Rida (1865-1935)

> Islam as complete way of life; focus on preservation of cultural identity

 

Indonesia

(note: tradition seems linked mostly to Hijaz in Arabia)

- Shams al-Din (d. 1630) - Malay / Arabic writings (he also knows Persian); in Aceh sultanate

- Nur al-Din al-Raniri (Gujarati Muslam) - fiqh; against wahdat al-wujud; fell from favor in Aceh in 1643

- Abd al-Rauf al-Singkeli (d.1693) - tafsir; book: Tarjuman al-mustafid

 

Persian Literature

 

> prose-histories:

- Balami's traslation of Tabari

- Bayhaqi (11th c.)

- Juwayni (d.1283)

- Rashid al-Din (d.1318)

 

>prose-mirror for princes:

- Qabusnama of Kay Kavus ibn Iskanda (11th c.)

- Siyasatnama of Nizam al-Mulk (d.1092)

- translation of Indian fables (note: Pancatantra?)

 

>prose-ethical/religious edification:

- Kashf al-mahjub's (c.1050)

- Sadi's Gulistan (1258)

 

>prose-romances:

- Darabnama of Tarsusi

- Samk-i ayyar

- Safarnama by Nasir-i Khusraw (d.1072)

 

> Verse genres: a) rubai (or qati); b) qasida (public) and related ghazal (private); c) long narrative (mostly mathnawi)

- **Important** Dick Davis divided Persian into 3 historical-locational-styles:

 

1. Khurasani (before mid-12th c.)

- Shahnama (c. 1010)

- Gurgani's Wis wa Ramin (c. 1050) - long narrative poem / romance

- Sanai's Hadiqat al-haqiqa (mathnawi)

- transitional figure to next period: Nizami (1141-1209)

 

2. Iraqi (mid-12th to 15th c.) - heavily Sufi-inclined

- Attar (d.1230)

- Mathnawi-yi manawi of Jalal al-Din Rumi (d.1273) - distinctive voice

- Sadi (d. 1292)

- Hafiz (d.1390) - suggests Sufi / sceptical themes simultaneously

 

3. Hindi - emphasizes rhetorical complexity; by late 16th/17th c. more poetry written in India than in Iran; Safavid did disrupt poetry by overthrowing many Sunni-Sufi assumptions

- Amir Khusraw in India (earlier)

- Jami (d. 1492, 15th c.)

- Saib (d.1676) 

 

Note: I did not get around to read the Arabic Literature chapter in details.