13. | Wang Bi's Works | Philosophy | Chinese |
Author: | Wang Bi (226-249A.D.) | ||
Date: |
240-249A.D.; collected into one book in 1980 |
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Significance: |
Wang Bi's works include three Commentaries: On Laozi, On Zhouyi (Book of Changes), and On Analects (now only in fragments) and two Outlines (on Laozi and Zhouyi). Wang Bi is the lead phiosopher for neo-Daoist philosophy (a.k.a. xuanxue); his Commentaries On Laozi and On Zhouyi are the most authoritative, to the extent that the "standard texts" of Laozi and Zhouyi are transmitted through his Commentaries. Zhouyi, is the first of the Confucian Five Classics; Laozi, a.k.a. Daodejing, is the foundational text of Daosim. And yes, Wang Bi died when he was 24 years old. |
14. | Church History | History | Christian |
Author: | Eusebius (~260-339A.D.) | ||
Date: |
Final version by early 325A.D. |
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Significance: |
Authoritative history of the early Church till time of Constantine; texts serve as basis of most medieval Christian historiography |
15. | On Trinity | Philosophy | Christian |
Author: | St. Augustine (354-430A.D.) | ||
Date: |
400-after 420A.D. (per Edmund Hill) |
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Significance: |
St. Augustine is the most influential Church father in the Latin Church. Among the early fathers, Origen was ultimately not decided to be orthodox; the equivalent of St. Augustine in the Greek Church is taken by the three Cappadocian fathers and thus not selected, with some regret. St. Augustine's Confessions and On City of God are more famous, but I feel a leading father's direct work on the theology of Trinity would allow modern readers the best opportunity to understand the distinctiveness of Christian vs. other monotheistic theologies. |
16. |
The Recognition of Shakuntala |
Literature | Indian |
Author: | Kalidasa (active around 400A.D.; 370-450A.D. perhaps) | ||
Date: |
Assumed 1st half of 5th century A.D. |
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Significance: |
Kalidasa is considered the greatest classical Sanskrit author whose works includes plays, lyric poems and epic poetry. Shakuntala is selected as it is the most famous work of Kalidasa (at least in English), and as Indian poetry is already well- represented by Mahabharata. |
17. |
Commentaries on Vimalakirti Sutra |
Philsophy | Buddhist |
Author: |
Zhiyi (538-598A.D. - per records he died in early 598A.D. in Chinese calendar 597/598, thus many sources have his death year as 597A.D.) |
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Date: |
595-598A.D. |
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Significance: |
Zhiyi is the founder of Tiantai sect - the first Chinese Buddhist sect (which clearly influences other sects like Huayan sect) and the only text-focused sect that sees multiple great masters emerging at different ages. Its Japanese offshoot (Tendai) is the most influential in Japan (from which all the Kamakura-era new Buddhist sect-founders arose). While his Fahua Xuanyi or Mohe Zhiguan are more famous, we select his Commentaries on Vimalakirti Sutra (which in later history is transmitted as two books) because it is his self-authored work and his last work. This selection would also allow Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra, an early Mahanyana sutra in drama-style (the more famous Lotus Sutra is probably a later example) which is also fundamental to Chan Sect, to be included in the list. |
18. | Quran | Religious / Foundational Classics | Islamic |
Author: | Recited through Muhammed (~570-632A.D.) | ||
Date: |
Recitations from 610-632A.D. |
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Significance: |
Quran considered to be God's miracle. Many branches of Islamic learnings focused around this foundational text. |