25. | Transmission of Lamp | History | Buddhist |
Author: | Daoyuan (dates unknown) | ||
Date: |
1004A.D. (during Jingde years) |
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Significance: |
The earliest popular text recording key acts and sayings of Chinese Chan Buddhist masters. Include record of ~1,700 people (beginning with Buddha), organized as "geneology" based on teacher-student relationships. Historiographic structure significantly influenced later writing of neo-Confucian intellectual history. (Selected because this text presents a much better picture of origination of Chan Buddhism than the Platform Sutra of Huineng.) |
26. | Shanameh | Literature | Islamic |
Author: | Ferdowsi (940~1020A.D.) | ||
Date: |
~1010A.D. |
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Significance: |
Inaugurating text of new Persian literature, which will prove influential from Ottoman to Mughal empires. Text is an epic of history of Iranian lands prior to Islamic conquest. |
27. | al-Shifa | Philosophy | Islamic |
Author: | Ibn Sina (980-1037A.D.) | ||
Date: |
Composed between 1014-1020A.D. |
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Significance: |
Lead philosopher (and medical doctor) in Islamic civilization, influential both in East and West Islamic lands, and also considered a master by medieval Christian scholastic theologian-philosophers. Al-Shifa is Ibn Sina's best known philosophical work. |
28. |
Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government |
History | Chinese |
Author: | Sima Guang (1019-1086A.D.) | ||
Date: |
1084A.D. |
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Significance: |
Chronicle of Chinese history from 403B.C. to 959A.D. with many subsequent attempts by later generations to comment, extend, and paraphrase. |
29. |
Revival of Religious Sciences |
Philosophy | Islamic |
Author: | al-Ghazali (1058-1111A.D.) | ||
Date: |
1097A.D. |
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Significance: |
al-Ghazali is a Sunni Islamic polymath (jurist, theologian, philosopher and Sufi) later called "Proof of Islam" and canonized in the education system dominated by madrasahs. Revival is his major work that covers most fields of Islamic sciences. |
30. | Works | Literature | Chinese |
Author: | Su Shi (1037-1101A.D.) | ||
Date: |
Multiple compilations in later generations |
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Significance: |
Su Shi is probably the most ingenious of all literary authors in Chinese history. He was accomplished in prose (one of the eight Tang-Song masters, together with his father and younger brother), shi poetry (usually considered top two poet in Song dynasty together with his younger friend-student Huang Tingjian), ci poetry (founder of a new style), fu (versified prose), caligraphy, painting, and literature/art criticism. (Besides, he was a talented governor well- learned in the classics and history.) Most popular traditional version of his works comes in 115 scrolls,which (unfortunately) excludes his ci poetry. |