Period 4: Central Medieval
850A.D. to 1150A.D.
18 texts in 6 languages
Starts with Tiruvacakam (~900A.D.?) and ends with Maqamat al-Hariri (1122A.D.)
Arabic | Persian | Sanskrit, Tamil | Chinese, Japanese |
Tarikh al-Tabari | Ferdowsi | Tiruvacakam (Tamil) | Jingde Chuangdenglu |
al-Masudi |
Hujwiri* |
Udayana | Genji Monogatari(Japanese) |
Ibn Sina | Nizamulmulk | Abhinavagupta | Shao Yong |
al-Ghazali | Somadeva | Sima Guang | |
Maqamat al-Hariri | Ramanuja | Su Shi | |
5 | 3 | 5 | 5 |
This is a period of clear dominance of the Islamicate tradition, even though South and East Asian also had vitality. In the Islamic world, Persians and the Persian language both became significant components of the tradition. Islamic canonical texts in Persian language even got composed in the South Asian subcontinent (Hujwiri wrote his Sufi menu in Lahore), where bhakti got solidly established in the tradition. In East Asia, its first female author wrote a canonical novel, in Japanese (the only other identifiably female author in the world before Murasaki Shikibu was Sapphos writing Greek lyric poetry around 1600 years before). In the West, there were very little canonical texts of note in this period - and complete absence from my list of 150.